Advanced magnetothermofluidic behaviour of Reiner–Philippoff hybrid nanofluids with viscous dissipation effects

This investigation examines the interrelated flow and heat-transfer characteristics of a Reiner–Philippoff fluid over a shrinking surface to address the combined effects of magnetohydrodynamics and viscous dissipation. The study addresses a critical literature gap by modelling a water-based hybrid nanofluid containing dispersed graphene oxide and molybdenum disulphide ( MoS 2 ) nanoparticles, providing a non-Newtonian stability framework highly applicable in electronic cooling, thermal storage and transformer management systems. Temporal stability analysis is executed to delineate the precise boundaries of dual solutions and determine the critical suction limits ( S c ) required to prevent boundary layer separation. The quantitative results show that while the hybrid suspension enhances the local Nusselt number by 2.48% relative to pure water, it imposes a hydrodynamic penalty by increasing surface skin friction by 9.47% due to elevated fluid-particle shear. Under optimal conditions, the presence of hybrid nanoparticles changes the flow structure and yields a substantial overall thermal performance improvement of up to 24.68%. Stability analysis conclusively establishes that only the first solution branch is stable over time and physically realistic, providing vital theoretical thresholds for advanced multiphase thermal design.