Additively Manufactured Geometry‐Reconfigurable Soft Neural Probes With Monolithic Multifunctionality

ABSTRACT

Developing neural interfaces that seamlessly integrate with the brain while enabling stable, multimodal sensing and stimulation is central to advancing neuroscience and neuroprosthetic technologies. Conventional metal‐ or silicon‐based probes suffer from mechanical mismatches with soft tissue, causing inflammation, signal instability, and limited long‐term performance. Recent efforts toward soft probes have improved compliance, yet their fabrication typically relies on complex lithography or modular assembly, limiting geometric customization, scalability, and multifunctional integration. Here, we present NeuroMAP, a multifunctional architected probe for neural interfacing, enabled by a three‐dimensional reconfigurable fabrication strategy that integrates conducting polymer hydrogel electrodes and embedded microfluidic channels within compact soft cylindrical architectures. Multimaterial direct ink writing followed by rolling‐ or wrapping‐based reconfiguration produces NeuroMAP and its miniaturized W‐NeuroMAP variant with integrated electrical and fluidic functions. The probes exhibit high compliance, stable electrochemical performance during deformation and extended immersion, and precise leakage‐free microfluidic delivery. This additive manufacturing strategy enables scalable multichannel integration with up to 30 electrically isolated electrodes. In vivo implantation in the mouse hippocampus demonstrates localized chemical neuromodulation, spatially resolved single‐unit recording, stable chronic stimulus‐responsive electrophysiology, and attenuated glial responses compared with rigid metal probes. This work establishes a customizable, mechanically compliant platform for multifunctional neural interfaces.