Accessibility: India’s Next Real Estate Mission

Abstract

India’s rapid urbanisation is transforming historic and commercial districts into dense, mixed-use environments. Yet, redevelopment continues to privilege aesthetics and real-estate value over accessibility and inclusive design. This article examines the critical disconnect between density-driven urban renewal and accessibility planning, arguing that inclusive design is integral to both sustainability and equity. Drawing from global and Indian policy frameworks – including the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act (2016), National Building Code (2016) and Harmonised Guidelines (2021) – the article analyses how accessibility remains fragmented across planning instruments. Comparative case illustrations from Tokyo, Hong Kong, Singapore, Melbourne and Copenhagen show how universal design principles are embedded in mobility systems, heritage renewal and high-density neighbourhoods. Indian examples such as Connaught Place, Bhendi Bazaar and Chandni Chowk reveal the absence of enforceable accessibility audits and performance metrics. The analysis proposes linking development permissions to third-party accessibility certification and integrating universal design within Environmental, Social and Governance and Smart Cities mandates. By reframing accessibility as a pillar of social sustainability rather than a compliance add-on, the paper argues for an ‘Accessibility Mission’ for India’s built environment – positioning inclusion as an economic, environmental and ethical imperative. The study concludes that achieving equitable urban growth requires embedding accessibility in the DNA of urban governance, design approval and investment decision-making, ensuring that India’s redevelopment story is not just about growth but about access for all.