Abstract 13752: Current Management and Outcomes of Acute Intramural Hematoma
Arturo Evangelista, Kevin M Harris, Bradley Taylor, Maral Ouzounian, Alan C Braverman, William T Brinkman, Roland R Van Kimmenade, Melissa Levack, John Eidt, Derek R Brinster, Chih Wen pai, George Arnaoutakis, marco di eusanio, Dan Gilon, Eric M Isselbacher, Kim A Eagle- Physiology (medical)
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Background: Optimal management of intramural hematoma (IMH) remains controversial. Previous studies offer conflicting information on how outcomes differ between patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD) and IMH.
Methods: Patients enrolled in the International Registry of Acute Aortic Dissection (IRAD) between 1996 and 2023 were stratified by AAD and IMH. True IMH, defined as the presence of intramural hematoma in the absence of both double lumen and intimal flap, was noted in 605 patients (7.7%).
Results: IMH was more common in Type B patients (12.7% IMH versus 5.1% with Type A). In both groups, IMH patients were older (mean age 70.4 vs. 61.3 years, p<0.001) and less frequently male (51.4% vs. 67.2%, p<0.001). Marfan Syndrome was less common with IMH (1.1% vs. 4.0%, p<0.001).For both dissection types, IMH patients less frequently demonstrated presenting mesenteric ischemia (Type A: 0.8% vs. 4.3%, p=0.003; Type B: 0.7% vs. 6.3%, p<0.001) or limb ischemia (Type A: 3.2% vs. 12.3%, p<0.001; Type B: 2.7% vs. 9.3%, p<0.001). Tamponade at presentation was more common in Type A IMH (17.9% vs. 11.6%, p=0.005). Type B IMH patients had less presenting renal failure (7.5% vs. 16.9%, p<0.001).
Medical management alone was more commonly employed as a treatment strategy for IMH versus AAD, both in Type A (18.8% vs. 8.7%, p<0.001) and Type B (78.7% vs. 56.9%, p<0.0001). Correspondingly, Type B IMH patients had less endovascular management (15.6% vs. 29.3%, p<0.001). Surgery was delayed beyond 48 hours of diagnosis in almost twice as many surgical Type A IMH patients (14.9% vs. 8.4%, p=0.009). Additionally, medically managed type A IMH patients had lower mortality than those with AAD (33.3% vs. 58.0%, p=0.001), although medical mortality was still higher than that of surgical patients with IMH (33.3% vs. 12.0%, p<0.001). Kaplan-Meier analyses of 1-year post-discharge death, late intervention, and aortic growth were similar between groups.
Conclusions: Intervention was less common among patients with IMH for both Type A and Type B. While a select subset of non-operative IMH patients had more favorable in-hospital outcomes compared to those with AAD, this mortality was still higher than for those IMH patients receiving surgery.