Absorption‐Dominant Electromagnetic Interference Shielding in MXene and Carbon‐Based Polymer Composites: Recent Advances, Design Strategies, and Future Perspectives

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is essential for ensuring the reliability of the increasingly integrated electronic systems used in communication, transportation, wearable electronics, and defense applications. Among the various shielding strategies, absorption‐dominant materials have emerged as promising alternatives because they deliver high shielding effectiveness (SE) while reducing surface reflection and enhancing internal electromagnetic‐energy dissipation. This review provides a comprehensive and systematic discussion of recent advances and design strategies for absorption‐dominant EMI shielding in MXene‐ and carbon‐based polymer composites, integrating structural architectures and material/interfacial loss mechanisms into a unified design framework. MXenes and carbon‐based nanomaterials offer high electrical conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and excellent network‐forming ability, enabling lightweight, flexible, processable, and structurally tunable polymer composites. From a structural perspective, porous, gradient, multilayer, and three‐dimensionally printed architectures have been developed to improve impedance matching and to promote multiple internal scattering and wave reabsorption. From a material perspective, MXene surface terminations, carbon‐based conductive networks, functionalized interfaces, polarization‐active components, and triboelectric surface charges are discussed as key strategies for enhancing electromagnetic‐energy dissipation. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive, design‐oriented overview of MXene‐ and carbon‐based polymer composites for developing high‐efficiency, low‐reflection, absorption‐dominant EMI shielding materials for future multiband electronic applications.