Absorbed, Trapped, or Lost? A Qualitative Investigation of Hyperfocus Experiences in ADHD Adults
Alex Bowen, Chiara HorlinObjectives
Evolving understanding of adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suggests that current diagnostic approaches may miss key features of adult presentation, including hyperfocus. This study explored hyperfocus in ADHD adults and its conceptual relatedness to ‘flow’.
Methods
Seven U.K.-based ADHD adults participated in semi-structured interviews, analysed thematically. Hyperfocus triggers, contexts, and consequences were examined.
Results
Hyperfocus was typically triggered by task interest, often under time constraint. Participants recognised patterns in hyperfocus but reported minimal control over its onset or cessation. The intensity and duration of hyperfocus episodes varied, with longer periods leading to significant physical, psychological, and social repercussions necessitating recovery.
Conclusions
Hyperfocus in ADHD adults is complex, variable, and distinct from flow, having both adaptive and maladaptive aspects, depending on duration and intensity. We propose that future research should consider a new operationalisation of hyperfocus in ADHD that recognises these elements. These findings, particularly when considered within the context of monotropism, aid ADHD adults in understanding their own functioning and underscore the need to incorporate hyperfocus into clinical ADHD frameworks.