A Voltage-Level Optimization Method for DC Remote Power Supply of 5G Base Station Based on Converter Behavior

Unlike the concentrated load in urban area base stations, the strong dispersion of loads in suburban or highway base stations poses significant challenges to traditional power supply methods in terms of efficiency and cost. High-voltage direct current (HVDC) remote supply have better application potential in this scenario due to their low transmission losses, attracting much attention. However, existing research has problems such as ambiguous optimal power supply distance under different voltage levels and a lack of behavioral models for converters. Therefore, this paper starts from the behavior of underlying converters, analyzes the loss composition of different converters in HVDC long-distance supply, and establishes a refined model for converters by determining the mathematical relationship between converter losses and operating power. Considering the economic feasibility of power supply solutions throughout the lifecycle, a modeling method is proposed that optimizes the voltage level of converters considering the behavior of converters for different supply distances. The optimal voltage level for different supply distances is discussed, and the effectiveness of the model is verified through examples, providing valuable guidance for optimizing the voltage level in HVDC long-distance supply for 5G base stations.