A systematic review on the implementation of Cradle to Cradle in product development

ABSTRACT:

Cradle to Cradle (C2C), as an eco-effective approach to the circular economy, helps mitigate the environmental impacts of the linear economy; however, its implementation in product development remains challenging. Due to limited prior reviews, this research investigates the implementation of C2C in product development. Through a systematic literature analysis, we identify key topics and challenges and examine how eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness are addressed. Based on these findings, future research should develop a framework for implementing eco-effectiveness in product development.