A Systematic Review of Urban Form: Knowledge and Opportunities

Abstract

Understanding global research trajectories in urban form is critical for sustainable urbanization, yet a comprehensive synthesis is lacking. Evaluating 6,147 publications from Web of Science and Scopus (1999–2024) using bibliometric methods, this study maps the evolution, core themes, and geographical distribution of the field. Results show rapid expansion from traditional built environment topics to pressing challenges like climate change, sustainability, and resilience. However, data reveals a stark geographical divide, with production concentrated in developed nations while the Global South—especially Africa and South America—remains underrepresented. Additionally, weak integration among major themes indicates limited interdisciplinary cohesion. Addressing these geographical and thematic silos by explicitly embedding urban form research within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is vital to supporting inclusive, resilient, and sustainable future urban systems.