A Systematic Review of the Role of Monoclonal Antibodies as CGRP Inhibitors in Preventing Chronic and Episodic Migraine
Narmin Hamaamin Hussen, Sara Walid Hamid, Aso Hameed Hasan, Mohammad Amjad KamalBackground:
Migraine is one of the most common and debilitating neurological diseases that impacts quality of life. Despite available preventive treatments, many patients face insufficient relief or side effects. The role of Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) in migraine pathophysiology has prompted the development of monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptors. This review examines the role of CGRP in the treatment and prevention of episodic and chronic migraine. It is also intended to help develop specific treatments that could result in better outcomes for those suffering from migraines, especially those with chronic migraines.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, focusing on studies evaluating monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP or its receptor in adults with chronic or episodic migraine. Data on treatment efficacy, safety, and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed.
Results:
The analysis found that monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP effectively decrease the severity and frequency of migraines in both chronic and episodic migraine patients. Participants reported improvements in quality of life and reduced migraine-related debility. The safety profile was generally favorable, with mild-to-moderate injection-site reactions as the most common adverse events. Serious side effects were rare, and the rate of discontinuations due to adverse effects was low.
Discussion:
The literature highlights the need for personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient profiles, emphasizing the critical role of patient selection in optimizing treatment outcomes. Ongoing research is vital for improving these therapies and evaluating their wider applicability across various patient populations.
Conclusion:
Monoclonal antibodies targeting CGRP provide an effective, well-tolerated option for preventing both chronic and episodic migraines. These treatments offer a solution for patients who do not respond well to traditional therapies. Additional research is needed to evaluate long-term safety, cost-effectiveness, and optimal patient selection for these new therapies.