A systematic literature review of proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics of
Plukenetia volubilis
(sacha inchi) seeds
Noor Abdulrahman Alattas, Mohd Nazri Ismail Abstract
Sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis ) is an underutilized Amazonian oilseed rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and other bioactive constituents. This systematic literature review synthesized proteomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic evidence on sacha inchi seeds and seed‐derived fractions, focusing on molecular composition, processing‐associated changes, and biological relevance. Searches were conducted in Scopus and Web of Science for English‐language studies published between 2015 and 2025, and 17 studies met the predefined eligibility criteria. Lipidomic analyses consistently identified α ‐linolenic acid and linoleic acid as major fatty acids, with changes in lipid classes and fatty‐acid composition associated with seed development and processing. Proteomic studies identified storage proteins, oleosins, and proteins associated with lipid metabolism, oxidative processes, peroxisomal functions, and cellular metabolism. Metabolomic analyses identified phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, amino acids, sugars, and other metabolites, with profiles varying among developmental stages, processing conditions, and seed‐derived fractions. Integrated bioinformatic analyses identified recurring associations with lipid metabolism, fatty‐acid biosynthesis and degradation, oxidative processes, and other metabolic pathways. Collectively, these findings indicate complementary relationships among protein composition, metabolite profiles, lipid accumulation, and processing‐associated molecular changes. However, heterogeneity in seed matrices, analytical platforms, extraction procedures, and experimental models limit direct cross‐study comparison. Biological relevance ranged from experimentally measured outcomes to pathway‐based or computationally inferred associations. The evidence therefore supports molecular associations and mechanistic hypotheses but does not establish causal or clinical effects. Standardized workflows and targeted biochemical, in vivo , and human studies are required to strengthen translational interpretation. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.