A Spatial Econometric Analysis of Productivity Variations Across US Cities

Using a dynamic spatial panel model applied to 377 US Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs), estimated over the period 2011-2021, significant differences are found between large MSAs regarding the relationship between labour productivity and economic mass, as measured by GDP. The methodology adopted illustrates the state of the art for spatial econometric modeling as it is often needed in practice, allowing for multiple endogenous regressors and dynamic effects. The estimation method applies synthetic instruments designed to limit negative effects of instrument overabundance.