A simulation framework for evaluating fast charging and battery swapping strategies in electric construction machinery

ABSTRACT:

The paper presents a simulation framework for evaluating fast charging and battery swapping strategies in battery-electric construction machinery. Developed using discrete-event and agent-based modeling, the framework supports scenario analysis in mining and road construction contexts. Case studies demonstrate how charging strategies impact productivity, energy costs, and battery degradation. Results highlight trade-offs between operational efficiency and long-term sustainability, offering a decision-support tool for electromobility transition in construction machinery.