A scoping review and metasynthesis of stress studies in the field of design

Abstract

Design is a complex cognitive activity that can introduce distinct forms of stress. Despite growing attention to stress in design contexts, existing research remains fragmented and lacks a unified conceptual framework. This study conducts a scoping review, using an interpretive metasynthesis approach, to integrate existing knowledge and conceptualize design stress as a distinct, process-embedded phenomenon. Unlike occupational stress or cognitive load, design stress emerges within iterative, ill-structured and cognitively demanding design activities. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, relevant studies were identified in major academic databases. The study combines scientometric analysis using VOSviewer with qualitative approaches, including grounded theory and content analysis, to map and interpret the field’s structure. Findings identify “mental stress” as the dominant keyword, with studies clustering into three areas: design-related harm, stress in design and their bidirectional relationship. Consequently, the novel topic of “design stress” is identified and introduced. Design stress manifests in multiple forms and across levels, with significant and diverse impacts. To identify, analyze and manage stress while enhancing productivity, a multifaceted approach is required. These findings offer valuable insights for professionals addressing stress in design environments. By establishing a structured framework for future research, the study provides strategies to improve performance, optimize creativity and reduce cognitive burdens throughout the design process.