A qualitative exploration of the gendered dimensions of violence against emergency workers
Maria Birchall, Jude Kelman, Tammi WalkerPurpose
This study aims to contribute exploratory evidence to ongoing debates surrounding the gendered dynamics of violence against emergency workers (EWs). Workplace violence represents a significant and growing concern within the emergency services in England and Wales. In response, “Assaults on Emergency Workers (Offences) Act” (2018) was introduced by the UK Government. Notably, the number of women being imprisoned for this offence has risen, a trend that has not been observed among men (NHS, 2023).Yet, there remains limited research examining the gendered dynamics underpinning violence against EWs in the UK.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a qualitative design, five former or retired paramedics and police officers were recruited through volunteer and snowball sampling and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. This study used reflexive thematic analysis to identify patterns or themes within qualitative data.
Findings
This study highlights the complex nature of female violence against EWs, shaped by gendered dynamics, victimisation and societal expectations of gender. Thematic analysis identified three themes: gendered differences in the perception of violence perpetrated by women, including assaults being described as defensive; gendered differences in the motivation of violence; and female violence as “unexpected”.
Practical implications
These findings highlight the importance of considering the broader social and contextual factors surrounding female violent offending and establishes a foundation for future research examining gender responsive approaches to preventing violence against EWs.
Originality/value
There remains limited research examining the gendered dynamics underpinning violence against EWs in the UK. This early exploratory research contributes an important insight into a rising trend.