A Parametric Life Cycle Inventory Framework and Decision-Support Tool for Power Module Recycling

Power modules (PMs) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) represent an underexploited source of strategic secondary raw materials. However, due to their high level of integration and heterogeneity, PMs remain difficult to recycle, resulting in low recovery rates for several materials. This study analyzes the material composition of different PM types to identify key challenges and opportunities related to their end-of-life management. A step-by-step comprehensive parametric inventory model of PM recycling is developed from data collection, literature review and a corresponding dataset from the Ecoinvent database. Parametric inventory models are used to carry out environmental impact assessment of PM recycling according to material selection and different recycling process options. The models are made simple to use for PM designers such that it can be useful to guide and support design decision-making to maximize material recovery rates and minimize recycling-related environmental impacts. Implemented during the design phase, the models support the development of more sustainable PMs. Models are also made simple for recycling practitioners to access important data regarding PM material compositions.