A New THZ-MIMO Antenna for Vehicular and 6G Communication Systems Applications

Recent developments in connected and autonomous vehicles‚ vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications‚ and sixth-generation (6G) wireless telecommunications networks have resulted in an increased demand for miniaturized terahertz (THz) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas for ultra-high-speed data rates‚ high spectral efficiency‚ and reliable connectivity applications. However‚ the existing THz-MIMO antennas have some limitations‚ such as a large and bulky structure with poor isolation and mutual coupling‚ limited bandwidth‚ and low efficiency‚ which prevent them from being widely used for vehicular communication systems. In this particular research‚ a compressed four-port THz-MIMO antenna system with a hexagonal defected ground structure (DGS) is developed for vehicular and 6G communication systems with improved bandwidth and isolation. The proposed antenna was simulated and optimized by CST electromagnetic simulator software. Both orthogonal and parallel two-port types were investigated and they extended to a compact four-port MIMO antenna structure. The reflection performance‚ port isolation‚ surface current distribution‚ gain‚ efficiency‚ ECC and diversity gain of the suggested hexagonal DGS have been studied in detail in the frequency range of 0.5 to 10 THz. The results show important improvement in the impedance matching and a rise in −10 dB bandwidth from around 5.08 THz to nearly 10 THz across multiple ports. The isolation between the antenna ports was improved by 20 dB to 30 dB. The antenna efficiency is close to 92%. The peak gain was found to be above 8.4 dBi. For the simulated ECC‚ low values below 0.19 (mostly below 0.01) were obtained. The diversity gain was found to be close to 10 dB. This indicates the potential applicability of the proposed THz-MIMO antenna for future vehicles‚ V2X and 6G wireless communications.