A native review of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiovascular disease. The objective of this article is to briefly review the incidence, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, and management of HCM. The article outlines the pathophysiology, clinical implications, and risk assessment of HCM, and discusses future directions in its management and care. HCM is characterized by a pathophysiology that is mutation-specific, leading to variability in HCM spectrum of clinical manifestations. HCM often can cause increased arrhythmogenesis of the left ventricle. Poor management of HCM can result in left ventricular remodeling, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, secondary mitral regurgitation, heart failure from systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and sudden cardiac death. Pharmacological therapy is the mainstay of treatment of HCM. Management of shock in HCM can be challenging. A suggested pathway for managing shock in HCM is included in this article. The clinical manifestations of common cardiac clinical scenarios in HCM differ from the conventional presentation in non-HCM patients. As such, HCM patients who present with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are not likely to get prompt revascularization. On the contrary, HCM patients can clinically present mimicking AMI. There are no distinct guidelines for the management of HCM patients with suspected AMI. Early identification along with referral to HCM centers of excellence for appropriate monitoring and management are critical in the care of HCM.