A Narrative Review and Practical Guide to Rehabilitation in Lower Limb Lengthening

Abstract

Limb lengthening is a well-established surgical procedure used to address congenital and acquired limb length discrepancies. Despite advancements in external and internal fixation techniques, the process remains physically and psychologically demanding, with prolonged recovery and a risk of complications. Clinically applicable rehabilitation guidance remains limited and fragmented within the literature. This narrative review provides a structured and practical overview of rehabilitation in lower limb lengthening, integrating current evidence with clinically relevant strategies across the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. Key components of care include patient education, prehabilitation, structured rehabilitation protocols, and early identification and management of complications. These elements are essential for optimizing functional recovery and reducing complication risk. A structured, phase-based rehabilitation approach may improve clinical outcomes following limb lengthening.