DOI: 10.3390/universe12080250 ISSN: 2218-1997

A Machine-Readable Value-Added Catalog for Uncertain-Type Blazars in the Fifth Roma-BZCAT

Jingtian Zhu, Xinwen Shu, Jun Zhang, Junhui Fan, Hubing Xiao, Haitao Cao, Guo Li, Yang Wen, Xianyao Zhang, Aibo Liu, Yuhui Song, Fengchun Tao, Qian Wang, Tianbo Xu, Kun Ou, Denis Bastieri

The fifth edition of the Roma-BZCAT catalog (5BZCAT) contains 227 blazars of the uncertain type (BZU), whose available data do not support an unambiguous assignment to the BL Lacertae object (BZB), flat-spectrum radio quasar (BZQ), or host-galaxy-dominated blazar-like source (BZG) categories. We construct a machine-readable value-added catalog for these sources using 1151 BZB, 1909 BZQ, and 274 BZG catalog entries as the supervised reference sample. The compact input set contains redshift, optical magnitude, radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray measurements; missingness indicators; and spectral slopes connecting the radio, optical, and X-ray bands. Redshift and its availability are explicitly treated as optical-spectroscopy-related label proxies. Cross-validation shows that the Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) provides the most reliable probability scores among the tested models, although the stacking ensemble gives a slightly higher balanced accuracy. The final catalog reports LightGBM probabilities and contains 61 BZB-like, 120 BZQ-like, and 46 BZG-like sources; 17 are flagged for low probability separation. These probabilities quantify similarity to existing 5BZCAT labels conditional on catalog measurements, rather than an independent physical taxonomy.

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