A Low‐Carbon Optimisation Method for Source‐Load‐Storage Coordination in Distribution Networks Based on Load Carbon Emission Characteristics

ABSTRACT

Distribution networks are becoming bidirectional networks that enable source‐load‐storage (SLS) synergy. Deploying flexible resources, including energy storage systems (ESS), distributed generation (DG), and adjustable loads, has become a key strategy for reducing carbon emissions from electricity consumption. However, the lack of rigorous carbon accounting and collaborative carbon‐reduction strategies for flexible resources has limited emission cuts and economic benefits under current approaches. In response to these issues, this study proposes a low‐carbon optimisation method for SLS coordination in distribution networks. First, based on load carbon intensity, we establish an evaluation method for load carbon emission characteristics (LCEC) to derive priority rankings for low‐carbon optimisation in distribution networks. Second, a load low‐carbon demand response (DR) potential assessment method is established to quantify the potential of different types of loads to participate in low‐carbon DR. Third, we develop an emission‐minimising SLS model integrating DG zero‐carbon power, ESS, and adjustable loads, reducing emissions while enhancing cost‐effectiveness. Finally, case studies demonstrate that the proposed method can significantly increase emission reductions and improve investment efficiency, offering a practical reference for the design of effective carbon mitigation strategies in power systems.