A Location Planning Method of Battery Swap Stations Based on Micro‐Level Traffic Simulation and Hybrid Weighting

ABSTRACT

The rationality of the location of electric vehicle (EV) battery swap stations (BSS) is not only directly related to the battery swapping efficiency but also has a significant impact on the operation of the distribution networks and the transportation networks. This paper proposes a location planning method for BSS, enabling BSS locations to balance the comprehensive interests of various aspects reasonably. First, a micro‐level traffic model is used to accurately simulate the transportation network in the target area. Traffic characteristics such as vehicle‐following and lane‐changing are described in detail, accurately reflecting the impact of site selection on swapping choices and traffic flow. Meanwhile, a distribution network operation model is constructed to describe the coupling effect between the BSS charging load and the power flow distribution. Secondly, a comprehensive evaluation index system is established by quantifying decision‐making factors across multiple dimensions, including traffic convenience, battery swapping efficiency, and distribution network stability. Finally, an improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is integrated with the entropy weight method (EWM) to assign weights to each evaluation index, taking into account both subjective experience and data objectivity. On this basis, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is used to select the optimal BSS location scheme from among all candidate schemes. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively accounts for the impact of BSS location on different participants. The optimal scheme not only improves the efficiency of traffic and BSS service but also significantly enhances the operational performance of the distribution network.