A Highly Sensitive and Wide-Range Capacitive Flexible Pressure Sensor Based on a Micropyramid Array and Electrostatically Spun Nanofiber Composite Structure

Abstract

The development of flexible pressure sensors that combine high sensitivity with a broad operational range is critical for the next generation of artificial intelligence and soft robotics. Here, we propose a capacitive pressure sensor featuring a hybrid structure of micropyramid arrays and electrospun nanofibers. This approach overcomes the traditional trade-off between sensitivity and range, achieving a sensitivity of 3.31 kPa−1 and a wide detection threshold up to 300 kPa. The sensor has an excellent detection limit (LOD) and can achieve accurate detection as low as 4.3 Pa. The sensor further demonstrates remarkable durability (over 5000 cycles under 50 kPa), rapid response/recovery times (150/100 ms), and an ultrathin profile suitable for system integration. These features facilitate high-precision detection and stable operation in IoT-based health monitoring and sophisticated human–machine interfaces. This work provides a transformative pathway for advancing capacitive pressure sensors and lays the foundation for future intelligent applications.