A Harmonic-Energy Regional-Control Jamming Method Based on a Radiating Space–Time-Modulated Digital Metasurface

Complex electromagnetic warfare poses increasingly stringent requirements on the spatial selectivity of jamming systems. Existing jamming methods mainly focus on false-target generation, while research on regional coverage of harmonic energy remains limited. In this paper, a harmonic-energy regional-control jamming method based on a radiating space–time-modulated digital metasurface is proposed. By optimizing the turn-on instants and duty cycles of 1-bit programmable elements, the amplitude, phase, and far-field superposition of the target harmonic are controlled, thereby constructing a predefined jamming region as a reconfigurable angular-domain energy window. The energy ratio inside the designated region, the in-region fluctuation, and the out-of-region leakage are incorporated into a unified optimization objective, enabling different jamming modes such as narrow-angle highly concentrated coverage and wide-angle uniform coverage. Both simulations and experiments verify the controllability of the harmonic radiation patterns and regional energy distributions under different coverage angles. The proposed method provides a quantitatively designable implementation approach for intelligent jamming systems with spatially reconfigurable harmonic energy.