A Generalized Telemetry-Based Model of Satellite Angular Disturbances for Laser Communication Terminal Simulation and Verification

A reusable angular disturbance input is essential for the design and verification of precision pointing systems in space laser communication. This study develops a configurable telemetry-based framework for reconstructing and modeling elevation and azimuth disturbances at a calibrated terminal interface. On-orbit centroid residuals and actual actuator feedback are combined, and a stable bivariate vector autoregressive (VAR) model preserves spectral structure and cross-axis dependence. Four operating conditions from one intersatellite experiment are represented by a common structure with condition-specific coefficients. Multiresolution analysis identifies sub-hertz behavior, components near 3.3 and 36 Hz, and measured content up to 450 Hz. A chronological validation over 1–100 Hz yields trace-spectrum errors of 0.926–1.975 dB and absolute band-limited root-mean-square (RMS) errors within 3.39%; an additional complete-segment holdout results in RMS errors within 3.68%. Across 54 numerical terminal configurations per condition, model-based pointing RMS agrees with time-domain telemetry replay within 4.75%. A numerical frequency-selective input-attenuation scenario reduces nominal pointing RMS by up to 39.60%. The transferable elements are the reconstruction procedure, spectral-matrix interface, and terminal-response mapping; new conditions require calibrated parameter identification. Digitally generated replay sequences specify a proposed optical ground-verification interface for subsequent terminal development.