DOI: 10.1039/d6ra05731d ISSN: 2046-2069
A framework for microalgal biosorption of heavy metals: mechanisms, modeling, and critical insights
Heba M. Youssef, Mohamed S. Abd Elhameed, Fatma MohamedThis review integrates microalgal biosorption mechanisms, biomass diversity, environmental controls, and modeling to support predictive and sustainable heavy-metal remediation in realistic wastewater.