A female patient with Dent disease due to skewed X-chromosome inactivation

Abstract

X-linked proximal tubulopathies are rare diseases that predominantly affect men. Women are generally carriers and clinical or biochemical manifestations are usually absent or mild. We present the case of a young woman who presented with a full phenotype of Dent disease type 1 due to a de novo mutation in the CLCN5 gene and a skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI). Although cases of overt Dent disease type 2 and Lowe syndrome in women have been described in the literature, to our knowledge, this is the first case of overt Dent disease type 1.