A Fast ADRC-SMC levitation control of EMS maglev train to suppress the vibration of electromagnet-track beam coupling system

The EMS (Electromagnetic Suspension) maglev train uses active control to achieve stable levitation. The coupled vibration problem of the levitation system itself has always been a key factor limiting the development of EMS maglev train. In order to achieve vibration suppression and rapid response of the levitation control system, a double-loop PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control strategy is first designed. Subsequently, a nonlinear function is used to adjust the system error, enhancing the response speed of the levitation control system. An ESO(extended state observer) is established to reduce the interference of external excitation, and an improved sliding mode switching function of the levitation control system is designed to reduce system chattering. Finally, a fast active disturbance rejection control-sliding mode control (Fast ADRC-SMC) strategy of EMS maglev train is proposed. A comparative analysis is conducted to evaluate the suppression capability and responsiveness of different control strategies under external excitations. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the Fast ADRC-SMC levitation control strategy in suppressing vibrations is validated through comparison with actual measurement data from commercially operated maglev lines. The research results indicate that the proposed Fast ADRC-SMC levitation control strategy exhibits excellent vibration suppression and rapid response capabilities, and the maximum vibration acceleration response of the levitation system is approximately 0.54 m/s ² , and the maximum vibration acceleration response of the track beam is about 0.11 m/s ² . Compared to the ADRC control strategy, the system response speed is improved by approximately 2 s.