A Dynamic Partition Method for Distributed Energy Storage Systems Considering Differentiated Regulation Capabilities

With the increasing penetration of renewable energy into power systems, distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) have become essential flexible resources for enhancing renewable energy accommodation and ensuring secure and reliable system operation. However, their geographically dispersed deployment and heterogeneous regulation capabilities present significant challenges for the coordinated operation and control of distribution networks. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a dynamic partition method for DESSs that explicitly considers their differentiated regulation capabilities. First, DESSs are classified into source-side, grid-side, and user-side categories according to their connection locations and functional roles, and their differentiated regulation capabilities are quantitatively evaluated. Subsequently, the daily scheduling horizon is divided into representative operating periods based on the source-load supply–demand ratio, and a comprehensive evaluation framework incorporating time-varying weights is established to reflect the regulation requirements of different periods. Particle swarm optimization is then employed to jointly optimize regional assignments and DESS charging/discharging power, enabling dynamic partition and coordinated utilization of DESS resources. Finally, case studies conducted on the IEEE 33-bus test system and a practical 10 kV distribution feeder in Anhui Province demonstrate that the proposed method enhances frequency regulation response capability, improves peak-shaving performance, and increases the adaptability of DESS coordination to time-varying operating conditions, thereby improving the overall operational performance of distribution networks.