A Dual‐Module Triboelectric Nanogenerator With Ultrahigh Charging Efficiency for Broadband Vibration/Wind Harvesting and Self‐Powered Sensing on Transmission Lines

ABSTRACT

To address the self‐powering challenges of distributed sensors and effectively harness ambient multi‐source high‐entropy micro‐energy on transmission lines, a Stockbridge damper‐based dual‐module triboelectric nanogenerator (SD‐TENG) is presented that overcomes these hurdles by synergistically harvesting broadband vibration (11–20 Hz) and wind energy (start‐up speed: 2.6 m s ^{− 1} ). The vibration‐TENG features laser‐direct‐written micro‐bowl arrays on Cu electrodes, enhancing interfacial charge density and then boosting the output voltage by 20.9%. An optimized power management module (PMM) dramatically enhances the charging power, achieving 237‐fold and 370‐fold improvements for the vibration and wind modules, respectively, enabling ultrahigh charging efficiency. The SD‐TENG not only harvests energy but also functions as a self‐powered sensor for vibration frequency and wind speed. In an outdoor simulated transmission line environment, it successfully powers a wireless temperature–humidity sensing system for continuous environmental monitoring. The work provides an eco‐friendly, self‐powered solution for transmission line monitoring, demonstrating considerable potential for applications in smart grid maintenance and Internet of Things (IoT) environmental sensing.