A comprehensive review on superficial mycoses, classification, conventional/new therapeutic approaches and fungal-drug resistance

Abstract

Mycoses (fungal infections) are highly emerging threat to public health globally. Among six million fungal species, less than 1 % is pathogenic and infects peoples. Most of them affecting skin, nail and hair, which are very common diseases known as superficial mycosis. These diseases include superficial candidiasis (vaginal, cutaneous, oropharyngeal), malasseziaspp (seborrhoeic, pityriasis versicolor) and dermatophytosis (ring warm, tinea pedis, tinea capitis). In particular cases, superficial infections may cause invasive infections, whose occurrence is growing partly owing to an escalation in at-risk populations. This review article aimed to provide information on the superficial fungal diseases, their types, some common fungal diseases, laboratory diagnosis, various anti-fungal drugs, new therapeutic options, herbal and conventional treatment, drug delivery, fungal drug-resistance and management.