A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON- INTEGRATION OF NANO TECHNOLOGY AND BIO-STIMULANT IN ORGANIC FRUIT CULTURE

ABSTRACT Organic fruit culture is becoming more established as a sustainable production system that generates high-value fruit with low environmental cost, but its efficacy is typically limited by poor nutrient supply, susceptibility to stress, and low yields relative to conventional systems. Plant biostimulants have proven to be powerful agents for enhancing crop performance by promoting efficient nutrient use, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality characteristics of the fruit, including color, flavor, and antioxidant content. Seaweed extracts, humic substances, protein hydrolysates, and microbial inoculants have been extensively researched in fruit crops and shown impressive repeated improvements in yields and postharvest qualities. Concurrently, nanotechnology has brought new methods of nutrient delivery, stress alleviation, and crop protection. Nanofertilizers and nanopesticides enable controlled release, minimized losses, and precise action, and nanoscale carriers improve the stability of bioactive molecules and reduce environmental hazards. Recent studies emphasize the possibility of synergy between these two methods, where nanotechnology is utilized to improve the stability, bioavailability, and performance of biostimulants by nanoencapsulation and biodegradable nanocarriers. Such an integration overcomes drawbacks such as quick degradation and short persistence of the traditional biostimulants, providing higher consistency in field performance. However, issues persist regarding regulation, cost-effectiveness, and long-term safety of nanoparticles in organic systems. In general, the integration of nanotechnology with biostimulants is a new and innovative approach to enhance sustainability, resilience, and quality in organic fruit cultivation,