A Comprehensive Review of Next-generation Electrocardiogram Technologies, Trends, and Outlook

As per the World Health Organization statistics, cardiovascular disease is the chief cause of death globally, which has been aggravated due to the spread of the recent COVID-19 pandemic. It is therefore imperative that healthcare providers should think ahead and protect hearts to reduce the mortality rate. Driven by the urge to continuously monitor and to keep a check on one’s heart health status, in this digital era, smart electrocardiogram (ECG) devices are continuously evolving. It is therefore required to understand, compare, and evaluate the performance of these health monitoring devices with respect to their design and capability to enable end-users to make a proper choice. Innovative and smart ECG wearables and devices that acquire the ECG information, an artificial intelligence-based algorithmic approach to interpret ECG data, the internet of medical things settings, and the interoperability and standardization of ECG formats are discussed in detail in this paper.