A CLINICO-RADIOLOGICAL STUDY OF ROLE OF HYDROXY APATITE (G -BONE) AND MIXED GRAFT (AUTOGRAFT+G-BONE) IN TREATMENT OF BENIGN LYTIC LESION OF BONE

Benign lytic bone lesions, though non-malignant, can cause signicant morbidity if left untreated .These lesions represent approximately 79.3% of musculoskeletal tumors, with a slight female predominance. Surgical intervention is often required to prevent pathological fractures and manage persistent pain or functional impairment .This study investigates the effectiveness of hydroxyapatite (G-Bone) and mixed grafts (auto graft + GBone) in managing these lesions. Conventional treatment includes curettage and bone grafting, often using auto grafts or allografts. However, the limitations associated with these grafts, such as limited availability and donor site morbidity, have led to the exploration of synthetic alternatives like hydroxyapatite (G-Bone). This study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes of using hydroxyapatite and mixed grafts in the management of benign lytic bone lesions. Evaluation and assessment of curettage and bone grafting [G bone and mixed graft] outcomes in the treatment of benign lytic lesions of bone. In this prospective study, 20 patients (11 males, 9 females) aged 2-50 years, with a mean age of 15.05 years, diagnosed with benign lytic bone lesions underwent curettage followed by implantation of hydroxyapatite granules or a mixed graft. The choice of graft was randomized. The lesions included giant cell tumors, aneurysmal bone cysts, simple bone cysts, brous dysplasia, chondromyxoid broma, and chronic brotic lesions. The outcomes were assessed radiologically and functionally over an average follow-up of 8.53 months using standard clinical and imaging criteria. The majority of patients regained normal activity without pain at the surgical site after an average of three months. Radiological healing was observed in most cases, with functional outcomes rated as excellent or good. The most common complication was joint stiffness. Of the 20 patients, 1 patient in the hydroxyapatite group and 4 in the mixed graft group showed early radiological healing (stage 1). Most patients returned to normal activities within three months, with no pain at the surgical site. Functional outcomes were excellent in 1 hydroxyapatite and 8 mixed graft cases, good in 3 hydroxyapatite and 3 mixed graft cases, and fair in 4 hydroxyapatite and 1 mixed graft cases. Joint stiffness was the most common complication. The study demonstrates that hydroxyapatite and mixed grafts are effective in promoting bone healing and restoring function in patients with benign lytic bone lesions. The mixed grafts, combining the benets of autografts and synthetic materials, showed particularly promising results in terms of functional outcomes. However, the incidence of joint stiffness suggests that further optimization of surgical techniques may be necessary. Hydroxyapatite and mixed grafts offer reliable options for the treatment of benign lytic bone lesions, with both showing favorable radiological and functional outcomes. These grafts are safe, effective, and may reduce the complications associated with traditional auto grafting.