A case report on new-onset peritoneal tuberculosis in ankylosing spondylitis patient on adalimumab

Adalimumab, a widely employed tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor for autoimmune diseases, raises concern about reactivating latent tuberculosis (TB) and new-onset TB. Despite its established efficacy in managing inflammation, clinicians must recognize and manage adalimumab-induced TB promptly to minimize associated morbidity. This case report explores guidelines for TB screening in adalimumab-treated patients, utilizing interferon-gamma release assays and tuberculin skin tests, and discusses treatment considerations. Increased TB incidence in adalimumab-treated patients necessitates vigilant screening for latent TB before therapy initiation. Therapeutic decisions must balance the need for continuing immunosuppressive therapy against the potential risks of uncontrolled TB. Diagnostic challenges arise from atypical presentations and the intricate interplay between adalimumab therapy and TB manifestations. Given adalimumab’s expanding use, clinicians should be mindful of potential TB reactivation, emphasizing thorough screening, diagnosis, and management for improved patient care and safety amidst immunosuppressive therapies. Here, we are presenting the case of adalimumab-induced peritoneal TB.