A Case Report On Metastatic Spread of Rectal Adenocarcinoma to the Oral Cavity

Abstract

Metastatic involvement of the oral cavity is rare, comprising approximately 1% of all oral malignancies. Colorectal adenocarcinoma typically metastasizes to the liver and lungs, while spread to the oral cavity is uncommon, posing a diagnostic challenge . H ere, we report a case of a 51-year-old woman with advanced unresectable rectal adenocarcinoma who presented with a rapidly enlarging gingival lesion in the left mandible. Imaging showed a destructive mandibular mass with central necrosis. Histopathological examination revealed adenocarcinoma features, and immunohistochemistry confirmed metastatic colorectal origin. The patient received palliative FOLFOX chemotherapy but experienced disease progression and subsequently succumbed to the illness. Metastasis of rectal adenocarcinoma to the oral cavity is exceedingly rare and indicates advanced systemic disease. Early recognition through biopsy and immunohistochemistry is essential for accurate diagnosis and guiding palliative management in such challenging presentations.