A Cadaveric Study of Morphometry, Variations, and Site of Innervation of Flexor Carpi Radialis
B. Janeta, Anupama Kodialbail, B. P. Sunmathi, Radhika Paramesh Mudaliar, Jyothi Krishnarajanagara ChandrachariAbstract
Introduction:
The flexor carpi radialis (FCR) is one of the superficial flexor muscles of the forearm. This muscle has been a subject of considerable interest among anatomists and plastic surgeons due to its unique morphology, complex structure, and high variability. This study aims to evaluate the morphometry, variations, and innervation pattern of the FCR muscle.
Methodology:
Thirty-six upper-limb specimens were obtained from cadavers taken from the Department of Anatomy, M S Ramaiah Medical College, for this descriptive study conducted for 3 months. Anterior aspect of the forearm was dissected in layers to identify the FCR. Origin, insertion, and variation were noted. The width and length of the muscle and its tendon were measured using a Vernier caliper and measuring tape, respectively. The site of innervation of the muscle was noted and its distance from the medial epicondyle was measured. Data collected were recorded and analyzed.
Results:
The FCR was present in all 36 specimens. Variations were noted in 7 (19.4%) specimens with respect to their attachments. The mean FCR muscle belly length and width were 18.2 ± 2.07 cm and 1.98 ± 0.51 cm, respectively. The mean FCR tendon length and width were 12.85 ± 1.53 cm and 0.78 ± 0.16 cm, respectively. The site of innervation of the muscle was closer to its proximal end with the mean of its distance from the medial epicondyle being 6.19 ± 1.2 cm.
Conclusion:
Results of this study will be beneficial to plastic surgeons during procedures such as tendon transfer, tendon repair, and reconstruction procedures. It also functions as a landmark for orthopedic procedures such as hand, wrist, and carpal tunnel.