A 7‐Year Eddy Covariance Dataset of the Energy, Water Vapour and Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Observed in a Siberian Dwarf Pine Ecosystem

ABSTRACT

Alpine ecosystems provide a variety of valuable services, such as freshwater provision, timber supply, and climate regulation. Quantifying atmosphere–ecosystem exchanges of water and carbon is essential to understanding the mechanisms underlying these services and predicting how climate change may alter them. To clarify the role of alpine ecosystems in water and carbon cycling, we measured fluxes of energy, water vapour, and carbon dioxide, alongside micrometeorological data, in a Siberian dwarf pine ( Pinus pumila ) ecosystem in the Japanese Alps from 2018 to 2024. The fluxes were observed using the eddy covariance technique. The quality of the flux data was assessed using micrometeorological criteria, and data gaps were filled using a random forest regression approach. Despite being conducted on a non‐ideal steep slope, the measurements adhered to surface‐layer similarity scaling relationships, and the surface energy balance showed no significant deviation from observations over flat terrain, confirming high data quality. This 7 year dataset constitutes an important addition to the available databases on alpine ecosystems and will facilitate a better understanding of the roles of alpine ecosystems in water and carbon exchanges under climate change. It will also provide a valuable resource for parameterising and validating terrestrial ecosystem models and remote‐sensing products for alpine regions in East Asia.