4‐Octylaniline Enables Sustainable Perovskite Solar Cells Through Efficient Recycling and Suppressed Lead Leakage

ABSTRACT

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), yet their practical deployment remains hindered by poor operational stability and concerns over lead leakage. Addressing these challenges requires materials designs that simultaneously enhance structural stability, suppress toxic lead release, and enable sustainable recycling. Herein, we develop a recyclable perovskite design by incorporating 4‐octylaniline (4‐NOA) into the precursor solution. The 4‐NOA molecules form hydrogen bonds with formamidinium (FA ⁺ ) cations, effectively anchoring FA ⁺ within the perovskite lattice, reinforcing structural integrity, and suppressing ion migration. As a result, the perovskite films exhibit enhanced robustness and reduced lead leakage. More importantly, the devices can be directly recycled, and the recovered materials are reused to re‐fabricate PSCs on the original FTO/SnO ₂ substrates without any additional surface treatment. The recycled devices deliver a PCE of 24.4%, retaining over 99% of the initial efficiency, thereby demonstrating an effective strategy for high‐performance and sustainable closed‐loop recycling of PSCs.