3D-Printed Biomolecular Structures

Abstract

The complexity of biomolecular structures can present barriers to student understanding of the critical link between structure and function. This chapter explores the transformative role of consumer-level 3D printing and 3D printing services in bridging this gap. Unlike traditional computer-based visualizations, tactile models engage multiple senses, facilitating a deeper understanding of spatial relationships, shape complementarity, and molecular recognition mechanisms. We provide a review of the current methodologies for fabricating both static and dynamic models of proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids, with an emphasis of Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printing as one of the most prevalent consumer-level 3D printer technologies. Furthermore, we introduce two novel 3D-printed approaches: a modular peptide model designed to demonstrate backbone flexibility and hydrogen bonding, and a model highlighting the unique geometry of non-canonical DNA structures. FFF 3D printing applied to the design and fabrication of dynamic biomolecular models both broadens engagement and improves learning outcomes in biochemistry and molecular biology.