DOI: 10.66106/swcabp.20260301 ISSN: 3105-6652

尿常规与生化检验在糖尿病临床诊断中的应用价值及联合应用分析

杨璐 Lu Yang
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Abstract：Objective：To comparatively analyze the diagnostic efficiency and accuracy of urine routine test and biochemical test in the clinical diagnosis of diabetes mellitus，further explore the limitations and applicable scenarios of the two detection methods，and clarify the clinical value of their combined detection.Methods：A total of 100 patients with suspected diabetes mellitus admitted to our hospital from May 2025 to February 2026 were enrolled as research subjects and equally divided into groups by the random number table method. The control group received urine routine test while the experimental group underwent biochemical test. Using oral glucose tolerance test（OGTT）as the gold diagnostic standard，the two groups were systematically compared in terms of positive diagnostic rate，sensitivity，specificity，accuracy，misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate. Core detection indicators were also compared. Clinical influencing factors and inherent equipment constraints of urine routine test were analyzed，and the optimal timing and application value forcombining the two tests were summarized.Results：According to the gold standard OGTT results，86 cases were confirmed with diabetes mellitus and 14 cases were non diabetic. The positive diagnostic rate of the experimental group was 93.02%，significantly higher than 73.26% of the control group（*P*＜0.05）. The experimental group achieved sensitivity of 94.19%，specificity of 85.71% and accuracy of 93.00%，all superior to those of the control group；its misdiagnosis rate and missed diagnosis rate were markedly lower，with statistically significant inter group differences（*P*＜0.05）. Levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin in the experimental group were obviously above normal reference ranges，showing significant differences compared with urine glucose indicators of the control group（*P*＜0.05）. Restricted by multiple factors including renal glucose threshold fluctuation，body metabolic status，specimen quality and equipment precision，urine routine test presented relatively prominent diagnostic errors.Conclusion：Biochemical test possesses markedly better overall diagnostic performance than urine routine test for diabetes mellitus，and can accurately reflect patients’ long term and real time blood glucose metabolic status. Urine routine test features convenient operation and high cost effectiveness and suits preliminary screening，yet it has notable diagnostic limitations. Clinically，the two tests can be combined according to actual clinical scenarios to compensate for deficiencies of single detection，improve early diagnosis accuracy for diabetes mellitus and reduce misdiagnoses and missed diagnoses，which deserves clinical promotion.

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