DOI: 10.66106/xinna7.20250201 ISSN: 3105-7527

城市轨道交通车辆钛酸锂电池热失控机理与安全防护技术研究(Research on Thermal Runaway Mechanism and Safety Protection Technology of Lithium Titanate Batteries for Urban Rail Transit Vehicles)

李冬昊 Donghao Li, 焦亚硕 Yashuo Jiao, 陈庆龙 Qinglong Chen, 冯瑶 Yao Feng
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Abstract: Featuring outstanding merits including long cycle life, high safety, excellent low-temperature performance and zero lithium precipitation risk, lithium titanate batteries have gradually replaced traditional lithium-ion batteries and been widely applied in standby power supplies and emergency traction power supply systems of urban rail transit vehicles, serving as one of the core options for the lightweight and long-life development of power batteries for urban rail vehicles. Nevertheless, given the regular operating conditions of urban rail vehicles involving frequent start-stop cycles, alternating temperature differences and longterm heavy-load operation, lithium titanate batteries still face thermal runaway risks under extreme working conditions such as overcharging, short circuits, high temperatures and mechanical extrusion, which may lead to battery fuming, fire or even explosion accidents and pose severe threats to the operational safety of urban rail transit vehicles. Targeting lithium titanate battery systems dedicated to urban rail vehicles, this paper thoroughly analyzes the inherent thermal runaway mechanisms at the cell and module levels, systematically sorts out the core inducing factors of thermal runaway under vehicle operating conditions, and explores key battery safety protection technologies adaptable to urban rail transit scenarios from multiple dimensions including passive protection, active early warning, system management and structural optimization. It provides theoretical support and engineering references for the safe operation and maintenance, risk prevention and control, as well as technical iteration of power batteries for urban rail transit vehicles.

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