What is the Poverty Development Impact of Emigration on the Localities of Origin in an Eastern European Society?

In the literature on emigration, the challenges of integration at the destination are largely discussed. How do those who become immigrants change or not and what is the impact of their inclusion in the arrival communities? It is less discussed what happens in the communities of emigration, in the country of origin. For the communities from which emigrants have gone abroad, research has been done especially on the causes of emigration. The consequences of emigration were seen especially at the level of the families leaving, on the children and elderly left behind. Community consequences as a result of emigration, are either neglected, treated through case studies or approached piecemeal, with a focus on ageing, etc. But what if we are interested in all the communities of origin, comparing those with many, few or no emigrants? This last question and its approach are of major interest in this article. The four hypotheses of the research relate the intensity of emigration from the locality and the option of emigration destinations (Italy, Spain, France, Germany, Great Britain) with different facets of development processes in the communities of origin, about seven years after emigration. The facets are given by the intensity of polarised poverty-development phenomena and their components (state of health, material capital in the community and socio-human capital). A whole series of phenomena are estimated and introduced into the analysis to contextualise the relations between emigration and poverty-development levels of origin communities (previous development, urban accessibility, residence environment, community involvement in temporary internal emigration processes, etc.). What is the impact of emigration on the well-being or levels of poverty development in origin communities? The answers and the statistical validations, to this question are, in my intentions, the original contribution of this article.