Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Basic principles, measurement methods, and applications of photoelectron spectroscopy are described mainly for investigations of metal complex compounds. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is mainly discussed to identify the oxidation states of metal atoms of interest using chemical shifts of the electron binding energies and interpretations of satellite structures and spin–orbit splitting. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy for valence electronic structures and recently developed hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are also described briefly.