Development of a solid-phase dispersive extraction method for molecularly imprinted polymers and LC-MS/MS for analysis of clenbuterol residues in swine livers and kidneys
Koichi Saito, Rie Ito, Yoshihiro Ohsawa- Pharmacology
- Agronomy and Crop Science
- Environmental Chemistry
- Food Science
- Analytical Chemistry
Abstract
Background
Clenbuterol (CLB) is approved as a veterinary drug because of its tracheal smooth muscle and uterine relaxant effects. However, if improperly administered for the purpose of fattening livestock, CLB can remain in the organs, which may pose a health hazard to humans.
Objective
We aimed to examine the combination of molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) and solid-phase dispersive extraction (SPDE) as a pretreatment method for swine liver and kidney, which contain more coexisting impurities than muscle tissue, and attempted to construct an analytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Methods
Swine livers and kidneys were homogenized and extracted using liquid-liquid partitioning with an ethyl acetate/n-hexane mixture (1:1), followed by SPDE using an MIP gel, and measured using LC-MS/MS. For LC-MS/MS, either an absolute calibration method or isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) was used. For method validation, a recovery test (additive concentrations: 0.05 and 0.5 ng/g) was conducted, and the data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results
The recoveries (trueness), repeatability, and intermediate precision obtained using absolute calibration were similar to those obtained using IDMS.
Conclusion
Using MIP-SPDE as a pretreatment method for CLB in swine liver and kidney samples yielded comparable results for absolute calibration and IDMS in LC-MS/MS analysis.
Highlights
MIP-SPDE can be used as a pretreatment method to analyze CLB in swine organs with high accuracy.