Control of Viremia in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection by CD8 + Lymphocytes
Jörn E. Schmitz, Marcelo J. Kuroda, Sampa Santra, Vito G. Sasseville, Meredith A. Simon, Michelle A. Lifton, Paul Racz, Klara Tenner-Racz, Margaret Dalesandro, Bernhard J. Scallon, John Ghrayeb, Meryl A. Forman, David C. Montefiori, E. Peter Rieber, Norman L. Letvin, Keith A. Reimann- Multidisciplinary
Clinical evidence suggests that cellular immunity is involved in controlling human immunodeficiency virus–1 (HIV-1) replication. An animal model of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)–infected rhesus monkey, was used to show that virus replication is not controlled in monkeys depleted of CD8 + lymphocytes during primary SIV infection. Eliminating CD8 + lymphocytes from monkeys during chronic SIV infection resulted in a rapid and marked increase in viremia that was again suppressed coincident with the reappearance of SIV-specific CD8 + T cells. These results confirm the importance of cell-mediated immunity in controlling HIV-1 infection and support the exploration of vaccination approaches for preventing infection that will elicit these immune responses.