Atomically modulated Cu single-atom catalysts for oxygen reduction reactions towards high-power density Zn– and Al–air batteries

CuSA@CNS displays an ORR half-wave potential of 0.95 V, surpassing Pt/C. The assembled Zn–air and Al–air batteries show highest power densities of 371 and 289 mW cm⁻² and energy densities of 1080 and 4290 W h kg⁻¹, respectively.