APPROACHES TO SCALING THE MQTT PROTOCOL IN MACHINE-TO-MACHINE INTERACTION SYSTEMS

This article analyzes approaches to scaling the MQTT protocol and its modification, MQTT-SN, in machine-to-machine interaction systems. The architecture of the protocol, the publish/subscribe model, quality of service levels, packet structure, and issues related to the increasing number of devices and data volume are described. Problems such as broker overload and uneven load distribution are discussed. The analysis of scaling possibilities for the protocol is conducted, and architectural solutions are proposed to enhance its performance. The experimental part includes performance evaluation of the protocol through tests on bandwidth, packet loss, and latency under various loads. The results show that an increase in the number of devices leads to higher latencies and packet losses, highlighting the need for optimization. Recommendations for improving scalability are provided in conclusion.