Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Cardiac Anesthesia Across the Continuum of Perioperative Care

Introduction

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming increasingly powerful tools in every aspect of healthcare. These technologies have significantly transformed diagnostic and clinical management of patients across the continuum of care in cardiac anesthesiology, a subfield emphasizing perioperative management. With the ability to analyze large datasets at unprecedented rates, AI-powered risk models have been shown to improve preoperative evaluations by predicting complications, including mortality and cardiac risk. Intraoperatively, ML algorithms have been effective in optimizing hemodynamic monitoring and improving image analysis for procedures like transesophageal echocardiography. In terms of postoperative care, AI models aid anesthesiologists in creating personalized pain management regimens, as well as in managing acute risks after surgery.