Anticancer (cytotoxic, anticlonogenic, antimetastatic, immunomodulatory actions) properties of 3,5‐dibromosalicylaldehyde against glioblastoma cells and DFT analyses (FT‐IR, Raman, NMR, UV) as well as a molecular docking study
Ebru Karakaş Sarıkaya, Suray Pehlivanoğlu, Merve Özcan Türkmen, Yavuz Ekincioğlu, Feyza Kostak, Sultan Çelik, Ömer DereliAbstract
Background Information
The primary objectives of this study were to characterize 3,5‐dibromosalicylaldehyde (3,5‐DBSA) and, investigate its antiproliferative, antimetastatic, cytotoxic, and immunoregulatory properties. NMR, Raman, UV, and FT‐IR spectroscopies were used to characterize 3,5‐DBSA. Potential conformations of 3,5‐DBSA were evaluated using Spartan's MMFF method. Geometry optimization calculations using Gaussian software calculated conformation energy values.
Results
Subsequently, Raman, FT‐IR, UV (ethanol) and NMR (DMSO) parameters were calculated. The experimental spectrum was compared to theoretical spectroscopic data. The present investigation investigated 3,5‐DBSA's anticancer properties; therefore, docking was done once the stable structure had been identified.
Conclusion
Identifying stable structure is crucial to molecular docking studies. In order to identify the mechanism by which 3,5‐DBSA binds to PI3K as a therapeutic target, molecular docking was utilized. This work is the first to show that 3,5‐DBSA is cytotoxic, anticlonogenic, antimetastatic, and immunomodulatory in glioblastoma cell line U87MG compared to healthy fibroblast L929 cells. Cytotoxicity and anti‐clonogenicity studies investigated 3,5‐DBSA's antiproliferative activities, whereas wound healing assays assessed cell migration. The immunomodulatory effects of 3,5‐DBSA in glioblastoma were assessed by measuring Netrin‐1 and IL‐6 protein levels. According to our findings, 3,5‐DBSA may treat glioblastoma.
Significance
This work analyzes 3,5‐DBSA's conformational search, characterization, molecular docking, and structural and anticancer properties.